2024 Theses Doctoral

Electric Field and Neural Network in Catalysis: Amine Acylation in the Scanning Tunneling Microscope-Break Junction and Oxadiazoliums in Stetter Catalysis

Wang, Xiye

Electric fields influence reactions by stabilization of charge-separated transition states. While this has been a longstanding hypothesis supported computationally, recent experimental confirmations highlight the potential for leveraging electric field effects to drive small molecule reactions far from equilibrium. Herein we report electric-field catalysis of an alkane solvent-derived acylation reaction in the scanning tunneling microscope-break junction (STM-BJ), providing additional support for this hypothesis.

Additionally, the design and reactivity of an internally charged zwitterionic ligand are disclosed. Synthetic access of metal ligands bearing opposing charged functional groups permitted the examination of stochiometric metalation and catalytic behavior of electric field-bearing ligands.While traditionally computation has been used to rationalize why a particular catalyst is successful descriptively, it has been rarely used to screen candidates and prescriptively provide optimal catalyst structure. We report a neural network-enabled catalyst screening platform that dramatically reduce the resource intensity for examining a large chemical space.

We leverage this platform to examine azolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) precursors to address the lack of compatibility for electron-rich aryl aldehydes in the NHC-catalyzed Stetter reaction. This led to the discovery of a new class of azolium NHC precursor: oxadiazoliums that proved competent in achieving the target reaction addressing current limitations in Stetter catalysis.