2018 Reports

Singapore's Ecosystem-Based Adaptation

Chan, Lena; Davison, Geoffrey W. H.

Singapore’s urban climate adaptation integrates ecosystem-based and engineered approaches to enhance resilience against rising temperatures, sea level rise, and flood risks. Through extensive biodiversity monitoring, restoration of mangroves and forests, and the creation of connected green spaces, the city strengthens ecological resilience while providing social and recreational benefits. Holistic water management, including diversified water sources and stormwater control measures, ensures urban water security. This multi-agency, interdisciplinary strategy illustrates how cities can simultaneously protect biodiversity, manage climate risks, and promote sustainable urban development.