2024 Theses Master's

From Rights to Realities: Analyzing the Influence of Human Rights and International Law in Shaping Maternal Mortality Legislation and Policies in the United States

Cagliuso, Dominique

This thesis examines the severe and escalating crisis of maternal mortality among Black women in the United States within the context of a human rights framework. This study analyzes systemic variables that contribute to the disproportionately high rates of maternal mortality and morbidity experienced by Black women, arguing that these outcomes are clear violations of human rights. The study utilizes a multidisciplinary approach and methodology, incorporating historical, legal, and policy studies to demonstrate how systemic racism, socio-economic disparities, and inadequate healthcare policies contribute to the perpetuation of this human rights crisis.

The research begins with a review of historical medical practices that have built mistrust among Black communities toward healthcare systems. The subsequent analysis evaluates current data on maternal mortality, specifically focusing on how Black women are particularly affected by systemic inequities in healthcare access and quality. This thesis argues that these disparities are exacerbated by a lack of competent care and a pervasive racial bias within the medical systems. Using international human rights law mechanisms, the research examines US healthcare policy and identifies its inadequacy in protecting Black mothers’ fundamental human rights.

The study advocates for urgent legislative reforms and the implementation of comprehensive, culturally sensitive healthcare models that address the explicit needs of Black women. This calls for proactive measures beyond academia, encouraging stakeholders across multiple sectors to prioritize and respond to this crisis.The thesis concludes that the US must redefine its approach to maternal healthcare, treating it as a requirement critical to human rights. The document proposes a plan for policy, community engagement, and legal strategies to effectively decrease maternal mortality rates among Black women and guarantee equal access to healthcare for all, regardless of race.