2019 Articles
Strengthening tropical Pacific zonal sea surface temperature gradient consistent with rising greenhouse gases
As exemplified by El Niño, the tropical Pacific Ocean strongly influences regional climates and their variability worldwide. It also regulates the rate of global temperature rise in response to rising GHGs. The tropical Pacific Ocean response to rising GHGs impacts all of the world’s population. State-of-the-art climate models predict that rising GHGs reduce the west-to-east warm-to-cool sea surface temperature gradient across the equatorial Pacific5. In nature, however, the gradient has strengthened in recent decades as GHG concentrations have risen sharply. This stark discrepancy between models and observations has troubled the climate research community for two decades. Here, by returning to the fundamental dynamics and thermodynamics of the tropical ocean–atmosphere system, and avoiding sources of model bias, we show that a parsimonious formulation of tropical Pacific dynamics yields a response that is consistent with observations and attributable to rising GHGs. We use the same dynamics to show that the erroneous warming in state-of-the-art models is a consequence of the cold bias of their equatorial cold tongues. The failure of state-of-the-art models to capture the correct response introduces critical error into their projections of climate change in the many regions sensitive to tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures.
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- Seager_etal_NCC2019.pdf application/pdf 1.41 MB Download File
Also Published In
- Title
- Nature Climate Change
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0505-x
More About This Work
- Academic Units
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
- Ocean and Climate Physics
- Published Here
- March 22, 2021