Articles

Amazon River enhances diazotrophy and carbon sequestration in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean

Subramaniam, Ajit; Carpenter, E. J.; Mahaffey, C.; Björkman, K.; Cooley, S.; Kustka, A. B.; Montoya, J. P.; Sañudo-Wilhelmy, S. A.; Shipe, R.; Capone, D. G.

The fresh water discharged by large rivers such as the Amazon is transported hundreds to thousands of kilometers away from the coast by surface plumes. The nutrients delivered by these river plumes contribute to enhanced primary production in the ocean, and the sinking flux of this new production results in carbon sequestration. Here, we report that the Amazon River plume supports N₂ fixation far from the mouth and provides important pathways for sequestration of atmospheric CO₂ in the western tropical North Atlantic (WTNA). We calculate that the sinking of carbon fixed by diazotrophs in the plume sequesters 1.7 Tmol of C annually, in addition to the sequestration of 0.6 Tmol of C yr⁻¹ of the new production supported by NO₃ delivered by the river. These processes revise our current understanding that the tropical North Atlantic is a source of 2.5 Tmol of C to the atmosphere [Mikaloff-Fletcher SE, et al. (2007) Inverse estimates of the oceanic sources and sinks of natural CO₂ and the implied oceanic carbon transport. Global Biogeochem Cycles 21, doi:10.1029/2006GB002751]. The enhancement of N₂ fixation and consequent C sequestration by tropical rivers appears to be a global phenomenon that is likely to be influenced by anthropogenic activity and climate change.

Geographic Areas

Files

Also Published In

Title
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United Statesof America
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0710279105

More About This Work

Academic Units
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
Biology and Paleo Environment
Published Here
June 28, 2011