2011 Chapters (Layout Features)

The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: Full Bibliography

Carr, David M.

In The Formation of the Hebrew Bible: A New Reconstruction (New York: Oxford, 2011), David Carr rethinks both the methods and historical orientation points for research on the growth of the Hebrew Bible into its present form. Building on his prior work, Writing on the Tablet of the Heart (New York: Oxford, 2005), he explores both the possibilities and limits of reconstruction of pre-stages of the Bible. He advocates a "methodologically modest" investigation of those pre-stages, utilizing criteria and models derived from his survey of documented examples of textual revision in the Ancient Near East. The result is a new picture of the formation of the Hebrew Bible, with insights on the initial emergence of Hebrew literary textuality, the development of the first Hexateuch, and the final formation of the Hebrew Bible. Some have advocated dating the bulk of the Hebrew Bible in a single period, whether relatively early (Neo-Assyrian) or late (Persian or Hellenistic), but Carr uncovers specific evidence that the Hebrew Bible contains texts dating across Israelite history, even the early pre-exilic period (10th-9th centuries). He traces the impact of Neo-Assyrian imperialism on eighth- and seventh-century Israelite textuality, and uses studies of collective trauma to identify marks of the reshaping and collection of traditions in response to the destruction of Jerusalem and Babylonian exile. Carr also develops a picture of varied Priestly reshaping of narrative and prophetic traditions in the Second Temple period, including the move toward eschatological and apocalyptic themes and genres. In addition, he uses manuscript evidence from Qumran and the Septuagint to find clues to the final literary shaping of the proto-Massoretic text, likely under the Hasmonean monarchy.