Society,Country,Year,Symp #,# Organizer(s),Sex Ratio Organizers (M:F),% Female Organizers,# Speakers,Sex Ratio Speakers (M:F),% Female Speakers,Title ,SCB,USA,1999,1,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,Integrating Research into Policy,SCB,USA,1999,2,1,1:0,0,9,5:4,44.44444444,Biodiveristy Conservation and Foreign Policy,SCB,USA,1999,3,2,1:1,50,10,8:2,20,Academics and managers,SCB,USA,1999,4,2,2:0,0,4,4:0,0,Integrating Preservation Policies for rural and Urban Environments,SCB,USA,1999,5,4,4:0,0,6,5:1,16.667,Regional Scale Conservation PLanning,SCB,USA,1999,6,2,1:1,50,6,5:1,16.667,The Impact of Scale on Ecological Management,,,,,Total Orgs = 12,T Female = 3,Avg % Fem =25,T Speak =41,T Female = 11,Avg % Fem =26.8292683,,SCB,Montana,2000,N/A,No data available,,,,,,,SCB,Hawaii,2001,N/A,No data available,,,,,,,SCB,UK,2002,1,5,2:3,60,20,9:11,55,Integrating people and conservation: interdisciplinary approaches,SCB,UK,2002,2,2,1:1,50,8,5:3,37.5,Direct payments as an alternative approach to conservation investment,SCB,UK,2002,3,3,0:3,100,15,12:3,20,Gerald DurrellÕs legacy: managing species in human-modified landscapes,SCB,UK,2002,4,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,3:5,62.5,Mitigating unsustainable hunting and the bushmeat trade in tropical forest countries: using science to change practices,SCB,UK,2002,5,2,1:1,50,9,7:2,22.222,Approaches to conserving exploited species in marine and terrestrial ecosystems,SCB,UK,2002,6,2,0:2,100,9,5:4,44.444,Sustained use and conservation of wild plants: building on traditional knowledge at the local people and protected area interface,SCB,UK,2002,7,2,2:0,0,6,4:2,33.333,Conservation planning for the Cape Floristic Region: systematic identification of priority areas in a globally significant ecoregion,SCB,UK,2002,8,2,2:0,0,11,11:0,0,Cultural landscapes and land-use: the conservation-society interface,SCB,UK,2002,9,4,3:1,25,11,9:2,18.182,"Ecological networks: carnivores, cores, and approaches for protecting wildlands",SCB,UK,2002,10,2,2:0,0,12,10:2,16.667,Human-carnivore conflict: local solutions with global applications,SCB,UK,2002,11,5,3:2,40,10,9:1,10,Living with wildlife in Africa: conservation challenges and opportunities,SCB,UK,2002,12,3,3:0,0,8,7:1,12.5,"Protected areas, conservation, and people within a rural society: case studies from Myanmar",SCB,UK,2002,13,2,1:1,50,7,6:1,12.500,The future of biodiversity in Britain's agricultural landscape,SCB,UK,2002,14,2,2:0,0,7,7:0,0,Global amphibian declines: is current research meeting conservation needs?,SCB,UK,2002,15,2,1:1,50,4,3:1,25,Climate change and biodiversity: what are the solutions?,SCB,UK,2002,16,2,2:0,0,7,5:2,28.571,Toward evidence-based conservation practice: a policy framework for co-ordinating science and practice,,,,,Total Orgs = 43,T Female = 17,Avg % Fem =39.5348837,T Speak =152,T Female = 40,Avg % Fem =26.3157895,,SCB,Minnesota,2003,N/A,No data available,,,,,,,SCB,Columbia University,2004,N/A,No data available,,,,,,,SCB,Brazil,2005,N/A,No data available,,,,,,,SCB,USA,2006,1,2,1:1,50,8,7:1,12.5,"Policy and Management Implications of Large-Scale, Interdisciplinary Studies of the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem",SCB,USA,2006,2,3,3:0,0,8,7:1,12.5,Integrative Conservation Problem Solving: the Policy Sciences as a tool to Bridge the Natural and Social Sciences,SCB,USA,2006,3,2,1:1,50,15,10:5,33.333,"Scaling up the Assessment of Bycatch: Regional to Global Impacts of Fisheries on Seabirds, Mammals and Turtles",SCB,USA,2006,4,2,1:1,50,18,11:7,38.889,Conservation Along the United StatesÐMexico Border,SCB,USA,2006,5,1,1:0,0,8,8:0,0,From Political Enmity to Ecological Cooperation,SCB,USA,2006,6,1,0:1,100,4,2:2,50,Moving Beyond the Dotted Line Donor Engagement with Conservation Science,SCB,USA,2006,7,2,2:0,0,6,5:1,16.667,The Quadrupled Face of Biodiversity Conservation in Africa,SCB,USA,2006,8,3,3:0,0,16,15:1,6.250,Connectivity and Reserve Design: Incorporating Landscape and Population Connectivity into Conservation Planning for Changing Landscapes and Seascapes,SCB,USA,2006,9,5,3:2,40,8,5:3,37.5,Management for Spatial and Temporal Complexity in Ocean Ecosystems in the 21st Century,SCB,USA,2006,10,3,2:1,33.33333333,7,4:3,42.857,Conservation in a Changing Climate,SCB,USA,2006,11,2,1:2,66.66666667,8,7:1,12.5,Freshwater Invasive Species: A Double-Edged Sword,SCB,USA,2006,12,4,4:0,0,4,4:0,0,"New, Market-Based Strategies for Marine Conservation",SCB,USA,2006,13,2,2:0,0,8,8:0,0,The Great Migrations: Conserving Migratory Ungulates in a Transboundary Context,SCB,USA,2006,14,2,1:1,50,7,4:3,42.857,Regional Habitat Conservation Plans: the California Experience,SCB,USA,2006,15,4,2:2,50,7,6:1,14.286,The Role of Recreational Fishers in Conservation and Management Lessons from Freshwater Systems for Marine Practitioners,SCB,USA,2006,16,3,2:1,33.33333333,9,5:4,44.444,Advocacy In Conservation Science,SCB,USA,2006,17,2,2:0,0,8,6:2,25,Ecological Restoration in a Changing World: Case Studies from California,SCB,USA,2006,18,2,2:0,0,8,7:1,12.5,A New Conservation Continuum: Connecting Land And Sea,,,,,Total Orgs = 45,T Female = 13,Avg % Fem =28.88889,T Speak =157,T Female = 36,Avg % Fem =22.9299363,,SCB,South Africa,2007,1,3,3:0,0,8,7:1,12.5,Appropriate intervention levels for management of large African ecosystems,SCB,South Africa,2007,2,2,1:1,50,9,8:1,11.111,Developing the vision for the Global Island Programme: conservation challenges and solutions in the Western Indian Ocean islands,SCB,South Africa,2007,3,3,2:1,33.33333333,8,4:4,50.000,"Conservation and human rights: exploring key promises, challenges and questions",SCB,South Africa,2007,4,2,2:0,0,19,15:4,21.053,Declining populations of large mammals in African protected areas: establishing the causes,SCB,South Africa,2007,5,2,1:1,50,8,8:0,0,Food webs: The ultimate scientific challenge to conservation biology,SCB,South Africa,2007,6,2,1:1,50,7,6:1,14.286,"Developing marine protected area networks: biological, socio-economic and technical challenges in the 21st Century",SCB,South Africa,2007,7,1,0:1,100,7,4:3,42.857,Coping with impacts of AIDS on conservation in Africa,SCB,South Africa,2007,8,3,3:0,0,6,4:2,33.333,"Economic growth, biodiversity conservation, and the Society for Conservation Biology",SCB,South Africa,2007,9,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,6:2,25,Human Dimensions of Conserving Marine Ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean Region,SCB,South Africa,2007,10,3,1:2,66.66666667,4,2:2,50.000,Ecosystem consequences of fishing,SCB,South Africa,2007,11,4,3:1,25,15,13:2,13.333,Freshwater conservation governance,SCB,South Africa,2007,12,1,1:0,0,8,7:1,12.500,Reintroduction of top-order predators - using science to improve conservation management,SCB,South Africa,2007,13,2,2:0,0,15,9:4,26.667,Mapping the economic value of nature: incorporating ecosystem services into conservation planning,SCB,South Africa,2007,14,3,2:1,33.33333333,12,10:2,16.667,"Sharing the range: elephants, people and biological conservation in Africa",SCB,South Africa,2007,15,3,1:2,66.66666667,7,2:5,71.429,Sharing rights and responsibilities in new approaches to protected area governance,SCB,South Africa,2007,16,1,1:0,0,7,4:3,42.857,The poverty / conservation equation,SCB,South Africa,2007,17,5,4:1,20,7,7:0,0,Making conservation actions more effective: Linking key concepts of adaptive management and systematic conservation planning in an evidence-based framework,SCB,South Africa,2007,18,3,0:3,100,7,0:7,100,The significance of gender in conservation policy and project success,SCB,South Africa,2007,19,2,2:0,0,7,5:2,28.571,Examining the links between biodiversity and health,,,,,Total Orgs = 48,T Female = 17,Avg % Fem =35.416667,T Speak =169,T Female = 46,Avg % Fem =27.2189 ,,SCB,Tennessee,2008,N/A,No data available,,,,,,,SCB,Beijing,2009,68447,2,2:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,"Applying the IUCN Best Practice Guidelines for Gap Analysis into Private and Public Sector Engagement: Tools, Opportunities and Experiences",SCB,Beijing,2009,72279,2,2:0,0,5,5:0,0,"Wildlife diseases and biodiversity,",SCB,Beijing,2009,66567,3,2:1,33.33333333,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Restoring Przewalski's HorsesÑLessons Learned from In_situ and Ex_situ Conservation,SCB,Beijing,2009,68378,2,2:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Galliformes_Barometers of the State of Applied Ecology and Wildlife Conservation in Asia,SCB,Beijing,2009,72276,1,1:0,0,8,5:3,37.5,Conservation Practices in China,SCB,Beijing,2009,66751,4,3:1,25,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,"Integrated Protection and Restoration of Wetlands, Rivers and Subterranean Aquatic Ecosystems",SCB,Beijing,2009,66781,1,0:1,100,8,4:4,50,Beyond Ideas: Using the Valuation of Ecosystem Services to Advance Conservation on the Ground,SCB,Beijing,2009,66328,3,3:0,0,8,8:0,0,Asian Elephants in Fragmented Landscapes: Conflict or Conservation or Both,SCB,Beijing,2009,68485,4,4:0,0,8,6:2,25,"Cranes, Communities and Conservation: A Charismatic Bird Inspires Wetland Conservation Across Eastern Asia",SCB,Beijing,2009,68382,2,1:1,50,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Drivers of the 21st Century Global Wildlife Trade: Key Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainability,SCB,Beijing,2009,68030,3,3:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Conservation Science for Giant Pandas and Their Habitat,SCB,Beijing,2009,68294,1,1:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,The Asian Primate Crisis: Priorities and Actions,SCB,Beijing,2009,68456,1,1:0,0,9,8:1,11.11111111,Symposium:Forest Management and Wildlife Conservation from China and International Perspectives _ Seeking Harmony of Wildlife Biodiversity and Human Demands for Forest Resources,SCB,Beijing,2009,66461,2,1:1,50,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Combining Local and Scientific Knowledge to Monitor Central Asia's Ungulates,SCB,Beijing,2009,69006,2,2:0,0,5,3:2,40,"Common Property, Biodiversity Conservation, and Climate Change",SCB,Beijing,2009,68238,1,0:1,100,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,"Cost of Ensuring Biodiversity Security: Making the World Protected Areas Network Resilient to Climate Change,",SCB,Beijing,2009,68432,2,2:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,New Approaches to Monitoring Biodiversity,SCB,Beijing,2009,68311,2,2:0,0,7,5:2,28.57142857,Measuring Progress Towards Aachieving CBD Targets in the Lead up to 2010,SCB,Beijing,2009,68381,1,1:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Conservation Challenges on the Roof of the World,SCB,Beijing,2009,66450,1,1:0,0,8,8:0,0,"Conserving Southeast Asia's Imperiled Biodiversity Ð Scientific, Management, and Policy Challenges",SCB,Beijing,2009,68389,1,1:0,0,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,"Balance, Harmony, Power: Evaluating Trade_offs in Resource Conservation, Conversion, and Extraction in Protected Area",SCB,Beijing,2009,68302,2,0:2,100,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Long Distance Wildlife Migrations in Asia: Understanding and Conserving these Spectacular Ecological Processes,SCB,Beijing,2009,67956,3,2:1,33.33333333,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,Making Ecosystem Services Count: Real_world Progress from Africa,SCB,Beijing,2009,66566,2,1:1,50,5,1:4,80,Lessons Learned from the International Marine Conservation Congress and Future Directions in Marine Conservation,SCB,Beijing,2009,66525,1,1:0,0,5,5:0,0,Restoration of Large River Ecological Functions for Biodiversity Conservation: Case Studies from China and USA,,,,,Total Orgs = 49,T Female = 10,Avg % Fem =20.408 ,T Speak = 76,T Female = 18,Avg % Fem = 23.6842,,SCB,Alberta,2010,15,3,3:0,0,8,6:2,25,THE PROMISES AND PERILS OF PAYING FOR CONSERVATION IN A CHANGING WORLD,SCB,Alberta,2010,32,3,3:0,0,7,4:3,42.85714286,DEVELOPING ADAPTABILITY: THE PROMISE AND PITFALLS OF COLLABORATIVE CONSERVATION,SCB,Alberta,2010,42,2,1:1,50,7,6:1,14.28571429,Sustainable Use in Wildlife Conservation,SCB,Alberta,2010,61,1,1:0,0,8,5:3,37.5,PROTECTED AREAS AND CLIMATE CHANGE: MITIGATION AND ADAPTION ACTIVITIES IN,SCB,Alberta,2010,41,4,3:1,25,6,5:1,16.66666667,ARTIFICIAL LIGHTS AND NATURE: CHALLENGES FOR DUSK-TO-DAWN CONSERVATION,SCB,Alberta,2010,36,3,2:1,33.33333333,6,6:0,0,TRACKING PROGRESS TOWARDS THE 2010 BIODIVERSITY TARGET AND BEYOND,SCB,Alberta,2010,63,3,2:1,33.33333333,6,5:1,16.66666667,BRIDGING THE SCIENCE-POLICY GAP IN IMPLEMENTATION OF CRITICAL HABITAT UNDER THE,SCB,Alberta,2010,12,1,1:0,0,7,6:1,14.28571429,USING CONSERVATION SCIENCE TO INFLUENCE PUBLIC POLICY: LESSONS FROM NORTH,SCB,Alberta,2010,45,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,5:3,37.5,SYMPOSIUM: ADDRESSING THE EXTINCTION CRISIS FOR A CHANGING PLANET: SYNTHESIS AND NEW DIRECTIONS FOR PREDICTING RISK ACROSS VERTEBRATES,SCB,Alberta,2010,53,2,1:1,50,8,6:2,25,"TOWARD EFFECTIVE CRITICAL HABITAT POLICY: THE INTERACTING INFLUENCES OF ACADEMIC SCIENCE, ENVIRONMENTAL ADVOCACY, AND BUREAUCRATIZED PRACTICE",SCB,Alberta,2010,31,2,1:1,50,8,6:2,25,SYMPOSIUM: CARIBOU CONSERVATION: INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON MANAGEMENT AND POLICY,SCB,Alberta,2010,76,4,3:1,25,8,8:0,0,SYMPOSIUM: ARTHROPOD CONSERVATION IN MANAGED LANDSCAPES,SCB,Alberta,2010,7,1,1:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,ECONOMIC GROWTH AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION: FROM THEORY TO THE POLICY,SCB,Alberta,2010,68,2,1:1,50,8,8:0,0,"BOREAL FOREST OF OPPORTUNITY: CONSERVATION SUCCESSES WHERE SCIENCE, POLICY, AND INDIGENOUS RIGHTS INTERSECT",SCB,Alberta,2010,72,2,2:0,0,8,8:0,0,WHATÕS THE BIG IDEA? - A CONVERSATION ON NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENTAL,SCB,Alberta,2010,28,3,3:0,0,8,6:2,25,CONSERVING LARGE MAMMAL PREDATOR-PREY SYSTEMS IN A CHANGING WORLD,SCB,Alberta,2010,65,1,0:1,100,7,2:5,71.42857143,GETTING LOST BETWEEN LAND AND WATER: CHANGING OUR SCIENCE AND SHIFTING OUR PRIORITIES FOR AQUATIC SYSTEMS UNDER THREAT,SCB,Alberta,2010,10,3,2:1,33.33333333,7,3:4,57.14285714,ADDING IT UP: A PRACTICAL REVIEW OF PAYMENTS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES (PES),SCB,Alberta,2010,35,3,2:1,33.33333333,5,4:1,20,LARGE-SCALE WILDLIFE CONSERVATION IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA: RE-CONNECTING MULTI-JURISDICTIONAL LANDSCAPES FOR THE ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION OF BISON,SCB,Alberta,2010,77,2,1:1,50,6,6:0,0,NATURE CONSERVATION IN HUMAN DOMINATED LANDSCAPES,SCB,Alberta,2010,73,3,2:1,33.33333333,7,4:3,42.85714286,CONSERVING CANADAÕS ECOSYSTEMS: THREATS AND PROSPECTS,SCB,Alberta,2010,33,2,2:0,0,8,5:3,37.5,SALMONIDS RUNNING AMOK - CLIMATE AND HUMAN IMPACTS ON FISH ECOLOGY AND,SCB,Alberta,2010,71,2,1:1,50,7,5:2,28.57142857,CONSERVING GRIZZLY BEAR POPULATIONS AT RISK IN NORTH AMERICA,SCB,Alberta,2010,24,2,1:1,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,INCORPORATING AND MODELLING PATCH DYNAMICS IN CONSERVATION PLANNING,SCB,Alberta,2010,52,1,0:1,100,7,4:3,42.85714286,CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION IN NORTH AMERICA: CASE STUDIES FROM THE MARINE AND COASTAL ENVIRONMENT,SCB,Alberta,2010,25,2,2:0,0,5,4:1,20,NOVEL APPROACHES TO UNDERSTANDING ILLEGAL BEHAVIOUR IN CONSERVATION,SCB,Alberta,2010,26,2,2:0,0,8,6:2,25,SYMPOSIUM: EFFECTIVE CONSERVATION IN A CHANGING PLANET,SCB,Alberta,2010,9,4,2:2,50,7,4:3,42.85714286,COUPLING LAND-USE AND CONSERVATION PLANNING TO CREATE SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES AND PROTECT BIODIVERSITY,SCB,Alberta,2010,14,1,1:0,0,4,4:0,0,BIODIVERSITY MONITORING: WHAT IS REQUIRED FOR SUCCESS,SCB,Alberta,2010,23,1,0:1,100,7,5:2,28.57142857,CONSERVATION PLANNING FOR OFF RESERVE ACTIONS: EXPANDING THE PLANNING TOOLBOXCONSERVATION,SCB,Alberta,2010,60,1,1:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,THE THREE CÕS - CONSERVATION & CARBON IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHANGE,SCB,Alberta,2010,67,1,1:0,0,6,6:0,0,"CONSERVATION DESIGN FOR HUMAN BEINGS: AGENCY, IDENTITY, AND SUCCESSFUL",SCB,Alberta,2010,51,3,2:1,33.33333333,8,4:4,50,CONNECTIVITY AS A STRATEGY TO ADDRESS CLIMATE CHANGE,SCB,Alberta,2010,57,4,2:2,50,6,2:4,66.66666667,USING NATURE TO PROTECT PEOPLE FROM CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS,SCB,Alberta,2010,43,3,2:1,33.33333333,7,6:1,14.28571429,SUPPORTING CONSERVATION THROUGH THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND RELATED LAWS AND AGREEMENTS,SCB,Alberta,2010,79,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,CHALLENGES AND EMERGING SOLUTIONS TO DEVELOPMENT OF ALBERTAÕS OIL SANDS,,,,,Total Orgs = 81,T Female = 25,Avg % Fem =30.8642,T Speak = 247,T Female = 66,Avg % Fem =26.72065,,SCB,Auckland,2011,4,3,3:0,0,6,6:0,0,Integrating behavioral and conservation biology,SCB,Auckland,2011,5,2,2:0,0,6,6:0,0,Modelling the response of the biosphere to global change,SCB,Auckland,2011,3,2,2:0,0,7,4:3,42.85714286,Engaging Society to Conserve Imperiled Tropical Forests,SCB,Auckland,2011,1,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Adaptive conservation planning: rationale and requirements for adjustment of conservation designs to fit the real world,SCB,Auckland,2011,2,2,2:0,0,7,5:2,28.57142857,The science behind large landscape connectivity initiatives,SCB,Auckland,2011,10,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,Climate Change Case Studies: Using Historical Data to Predict Future Responses,SCB,Auckland,2011,9,2,2:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Prioritising and Evaluating Biodiversity Projects,SCB,Auckland,2011,7,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,Participatory Marine Spatial Planning: Shared Approaches and Experiences,SCB,Auckland,2011,8,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,"Urban bird conservation: connecting the worlds of conservation, wildlife education and urban sustainability",SCB,Auckland,2011,6,3,1:2,66.66666667,6,3:3,50,Human decision-making in conservation and natural resource management: uniting top-down and bottom-up approaches,SCB,Auckland,2011,16,4,4:0,0,5,5:0,0,Conservation Translocations: From Reintroduction to Assisted Colonization,SCB,Auckland,2011,13,1,1:0,0,4,4:0,0,"Conserving Biodiversity in Urban Environments: Engaging Policymakers, Developers,",SCB,Auckland,2011,15,1,1:0,0,7,7:0,0,"Engaging Society in Forest Conservation: International Year of Forests (SCB Presidents Symposium, Part I)",SCB,Auckland,2011,11,3,3:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Setting priorities for eradicating invasive alien species: perspectives from global to,SCB,Auckland,2011,12,2,2:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,All By Myself? Increasing the Involvement of Conservation Scientists in Effective Grassroots Conservation Action Worldwide,SCB,Auckland,2011,14,2,2:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Management of wildlife diseases - Shifting the paradigm,SCB,Auckland,2011,21,3,2:1,33.33333333,8,4:4,50,Quantitative tools for identifying critical habitat of endangered species,SCB,Auckland,2011,20,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,Conservation success in a changing world - Building resilience,SCB,Auckland,2011,15,1,1:0,0,4,4:0,0,"Engaging Society in Forest Conservation: International Year of Forests (SCB Presidents Symposium, Part II)",SCB,Auckland,2011,18,3,3:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Getting to Ground: science-driven cooperative initiatives on four continents to conserve biodiversity at large landscape scales,SCB,Auckland,2011,19,2,2:0,0,5,5:0,0,Conservation and Poverty Reduction - working together to create win-win situations,SCB,Auckland,2011,17,2,1:1,50,5,4:1,20,"Invasive ant species: Prediction, prevention, and control",SCB,Auckland,2011,24,2,1:1,50,7,5:2,28.57142857,Quantifying the impacts of roads and traffic on biodiversity,SCB,Auckland,2011,32,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,"Healthy Ecosystems, Healthy Communities? : Links between Conservation and Food",SCB,Auckland,2011,26,1,1:0,0,7,5:2,28.57142857,Effects of climate change on biodiversity in Oceania,SCB,Auckland,2011,25,1,0:1,100,4,3:1,25,Looking back and moving forward on the conservation of threatened species,SCB,Auckland,2011,22,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,"Knowing and Doing: Addressing Effectiveness, Failure and the Research-Implementation Gap",SCB,Auckland,2011,29,1,1:0,0,4,4:0,0,"Swimming in the Alphabet Soup: Key opportunities and challenges in IPBES, the CBD, UNFCCC, CITES, and CMS -- How Science Can Help Policy Make Sense",SCB,Auckland,2011,30,1,0:1,100,7,2:5,71.42857143,Systematic management of marine mega-fauna in a changing climate,SCB,Auckland,2011,28,1,0:1,100,5,4:1,20,Island conservation: Restoration outcomes and life after eradication,SCB,Auckland,2011,31,2,1:1,50,5,2:3,60,Confronting the climate-biodiversity crisis: tackling climate threats through innovative applications of connectivity science,SCB,Auckland,2011,27,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Integrating Research and Community-led Management,SCB,Auckland,2011,35,3,1:2,66.66666667,6,3:3,50,Conservation Genomics,SCB,Auckland,2011,33,3,2:1,33.33333333,7,6:1,14.28571429,"Conservation and sustainable management of temperate indigenous grasslands, Part 1",SCB,Auckland,2011,34,3,0:3,100,6,1:5,83.33333333,Broadening the reach of the SCB: Alternatives for Society action to achieve conservation results,SCB,Auckland,2011,36,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,Making the Case for Conservation: Natural Solutions to Climate Change,SCB,Auckland,2011,33,3,2:1,33.33333333,4,3:1,25,"Conservation and sustainable management of temperate indigenous grasslands,",SCB,Auckland,2011,39,2,2:0,0,6,3:3,50,"When adaptive management actually works: improving conservation, enhancing",SCB,Auckland,2011,40,4,2:2,50,5,5:0,0,Genetic Management of Fragmented Animal and Plant Populations,SCB,Auckland,2011,41,2,1:1,50,8,6:2,25,Opportunities and challenges offered by a biocultural approach to conservation,SCB,Auckland,2011,37,2,1:1,50,3,2:1,33.33333333,Balancing conservation and development: impacts of conservation strategies on,SCB,Auckland,2011,38,1,1:0,0,4,3:1,25,Meeting the challenges in spatial conservation prioritization in the 21st Century,,,,,Total Orgs = 79,T Female = 25,Avg % Fem =31.64557,T Speak =242,T Female = 68,Avg % Fem =28.0992,,SCB,Darwin,2012,N/A,Link sold to Japanese WebsiteÉ link rot = no data available ,,,,,,,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,1,3,2:1,33.33333333,6,4:2,33.33333333,Mobilizing inter-disciplinary complex systems approaches for the study and management of conservation conflicts,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,2,2,2:0,0,7,4:3,42.85714286,Analysing social networks for conservation decision-making ,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,3,3,1:2,0,8,5:3,37.5,Integrating conservation research and practice: social processes for a high-impact research agenda ,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,4,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,3:5,62.5,"Detecting, understanding and deterring conservation crime: session I",Jennifer and Meredith SCB,Baltimore ,2013,5,1,1:0,0,5,4:1,20,The US Endangered Species Act at 40: measuring success and the critical role of stakeholders,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,6,2,0:2,100,8,4:4,50,Despite what you've heardÉ conservation success in the Chesapeake Bay session I,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,7,2,2:0,0,7,7:0,0,The impact of animal release on biodiversity and human health: exploring opportunities to bridge conservation and religion,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,8,2,2:0,0,7,7:0,0,Raising the Bar: large landscape conservation innovations in Canada's boreal and Australia's outback,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,9,1,1:0,0,6,2:4,66.66666667,"Urban wildlife, conflict resolution and conservation biology: why it matters that we connect disciplines and stakeholders to engage in a larger public",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,10,2,1:1,50,7,5:2,28.57142857,From plans to outcomes: towards an implementation strategy for conservation planning,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,11,3,1:2,66.66666667,7,3:4,57.14285714,"Detecting, understanding and deterring conservation crime: session II",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,12,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,"Integrating systems, disciplines and stakeholders for more effective conservation policies - from climate change to endangered species restoration: session I",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,13,2,0:2,100,5,5:0,0,Despite what you've heardÉ conservation success in the Chesapeake Bay session II,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,14,2,1:1,50,6,2:4,66.66666667,"Capacity, constituency and conservation: an integrated approach to protect near-shore fisheries for people and biodiversity",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,15,2,0:2,100,7,5:2,28.57142857,Starting at the bottom: optimizing conservation outcomes for priority species by integrating terrestrial disciplines with freshwater systems,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,16,3,3:0,0,7,5:2,28.57142857,Conserving the stage: using geophysical units as coarse-filter targets in conservation planning for climate change session I,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,17,2,2:0,0,8,4:4,50,"New Directions in Conservation Medicine: connecting systems, disciplines, and stakeholders for ecological health in practice session I ",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,18,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,5:3,37.5,Detection of aquatic species using  environmental DNA: an integrative new approach to inform conservation session I,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,19,1,1:0,0,8,5:3,37.5,Roadless and low density-transportation networks as permeable landscapes and seascapes session I,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,20,2,1:1,50,8,5:3,37.5,Still 'shooting in the dark'? Policy insights from the frontiers of evidence-based conservation session I,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,21,2,2:0,0,5,4:1,20,Cross-border conservation in latin america and the caribbean today ,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,22,2,2:0,0,8,8:0,0,"The global amphibian conservation action plan: connecting systems, disciplines and stakeholders to save amphibians worldwide session I",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,23,3,1:2,66.66666667,6,2:4,66.66666667,"Save the oceans, feed the world: setting marine conservation priorities based on the recovery potential for marine fisheries in data-poor countries ",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,24,1,0:1,100,5,0:5,100,Integrating marine mammal conservation: 21st century challenges,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,25,3,3:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,Conserving the stage: using geophysical units as coarse-filter targets in conservation planning for climate change session II,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,26,2,2:0,0,7,4:3,42.85714286,"New Directions in Conservation Medicine: connecting systems, disciplines, and stakeholders for ecological health in practice session II",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,27,3,1:2,66.66666667,7,4:3,42.85714286,Detection of aquatic species using  environmental DNA: an integrative new approach to inform conservation session II,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,28,1,1:0,0,7,6:1,14.28571429,Roadless and low density-transportation networks as permeable landscapes and seascapes session II,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,29,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,Still 'shooting in the dark'? Policy insights from the frontiers of evidence-based conservation session II,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,30,1,1:0,0,8,8:0,0,"Integrating systems, disciplines and stakeholders for more effective conservation policies - from climate change to endangered species restoration: session II",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,31,2,2:0,0,7,4:3,42.85714286,"The global amphibian conservation action plan: connecting systems, disciplines and stakeholders to save amphibians worldwide session II",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,32,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,3:5,62.5,Advancing Science-informed ocean management decisions through ecoystem health report cards,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,33,3,1:2,66.66666667,6,3:3,50,A National network for wildlife conservation: challenges and solutions,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,34,1,1:0,0,7,4:3,42.85714286,Defining recovery and recovery criteria for endangered species: science and policy issues behind the current debate in the US and Canada,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,35,1,0:1,100,6,1:5,83.33333333,Developing solutions for conflicting land and natural resource use in africa ,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,36,1,1:0,0,5,3:2,40,Compassionate Conservation - animal welfare in conservation practice,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,37,2,0:2,100,7,2:5,71.42857143,Buffer zones and land use change around protected areas: connecting socio-economic and ecological systems ,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,38,2,1:1,50,7,6:1,14.28571429,SCB approach to carbon neutrality: assessing organizational performance and sponsoring biodiversity conservation projects ,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,39,1,0:1,100,6,1:5,83.33333333,"Scientists as stakeholders: perceptions of citizen science research for conservation by peers, reviewers, and policy makers ",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,40,3,2:1,33.33333333,6,5:1,16.66666667,"Climate change and conservation of marine species: bridging the gap between ecology, climate and policy session I",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,41,1,0:1,100,4,3:1,25,"Valuing the environment for decision-makers and stakeholders: the new big picture, from maryland's genuine progress indicator to nation's accounts ",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,42,5,3:2,40,8,5:3,37.5,The role of urban green space in maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,43,2,0:2,100,6,3:3,50,Ecosystem-based management in practice,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,44,2,2:0,0,5,2:3,60,Tools and processes for assessing conservation opportunity,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,45,3,1:2,66.66666667,5,2:3,60,Culture and conservation: conserving sacred sites and species in the anthropocene,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,46,5,0:5,100,6,3:3,50,Public voices count: participatory techniques for socio-ecological systems maintenance,SCB,Baltimore ,2013,47,3,2:1,33.33333333,6,4:2,33.33333333,"Climate change and conservation of marine species: bridging the gap between ecology, climate science and policy session II",SCB,Baltimore ,2013,48,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,A 21st century case for large highly-protected marine reserves: working to establish parks in one of the world's least protected ecosystems,,,,,Total Orgs = 103,T Female = 47,Avg % Fem =45.6311,T Speak =315,T Female = 122,Avg % Fem =38.73016,,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-01,4,1:3,75,7,4:3,42.85714286,Using biogeography to set the scale of conservation in Melanesia ,SCBO,Fiji,2014,CBM-01,1,0:1,100,6,3:3,50,Advancing the integration of connectivity processes into marine conservation planning.,SCBO,Fiji,2014,CCO-05,1,0:1,100,7,3:4,57.14285714,Integrating science with participatory conservation,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-08,1,1:0,0,6,3:3,50,"Freshwater, forest ecosystems and climate change",SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-02,2,1:1,50,8,2:6,75,"xploring the resilience of Pacific Island species, habitats, ecosystems and communities",SCBO,Fiji,2014,CBM-03,Ukn,Ukn,Ukn,8,2:6,75,Traditional Ecological Knowledge & Conservation,SCBO,Fiji,2014,CCO-03,3,3:1,33.33333333,8,4:4,50,"Spatial management of coastal seascapes for ecological functioning, ecosystem services and food security",SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-09,1,0:1,100,6,1:5,83.33333333,Species in Oceania,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-03,4,0:4,100,8,2:6,75,Species Conservation (Part 1),SCBO,Fiji,2014,CBM-05,3,1:2,66.66666667,8,2:6,75,Integrated land-sea planning. (Part 1),SCBO,Fiji,2014,CCO-01,2,0:2,100,9,4:5,55.55555556,Fisheries By-catch in Oceania: assessment & solutions,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-03,4,0:4,100,11,6:5,45.45454545,Species Conservation (Part 2),SCBO,Fiji,2014,CBM-05,2,0:2,100,9,7:2,22.22222222,Integrated land-sea planning. (Part 2),SCBO,Fiji,2014,CCO-04,3,2:1,33.33333333,9,5:4,44.44444444,Prioritising conservation actions on tropical islands,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-05,2,2:0,0,8,5:3,37.5,"Pacific reptiles: declines, extinctions and new species.",SCBO,Fiji,2014,CBM-04,3,0:3,100,8,2:6,75,"Socioeconomic considerations in conservation planning: past, present, future",SCBO,Fiji,2014,CCO-06,1,1:0,0,8,4:4,50,Protected areas and their management,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-06,1,0:1,100,8,3:5,62.5,Systematic conservation planning for marine mega-fauna,SCBO,Fiji,2014,VE-07,1,0:1,100,5,1:4,80,Avifauna of Oceania,SCBO,Fiji,2014,CCO-07,1,0:1,100,5,3:2,40,Fisheries in Oceania,,,,,Total Orgs = 40,T Female = 28,Avg % Fem =70,T Speak =152,T Female = 86,Avg % Fem =56.57895,,SCB,France,2015,1,2,2:0,0,6,3:3,50,IPBES: Where Do We Stand Now? ,SCB,France,2015,2,1,1:0,0,6,3:3,50,Roadless Ecology and Conservation of Roadless Areas Across Scales,SCB,France,2015,3,2,2:0,0,5,2:3,60,Social Science For Conservation in the Anthropocene: New Paths to Social-Ecological Wellbeing ,SCB,France,2015,4,1,1:0,0,5,5:0,0,New Avenues for resolving conservation conflicts ,SCB,France,2015,5,3,2:1,33.33333333,5,3:2,40,Network Governance and Large Landscape Conservation ,SCB,France,2015,6,1,1:0,0,4,3:1,25,New Perspectives on Human Values and Implications for Conservation in an Era of Rapid Environmental Change,SCB,France,2015,7,2,1:1,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,Biodiversity and Human Development - Session 1,SCB,France,2015,8,2,1:1,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,Habitat Fragmentation Effects on Biodiversity Services Revisted ,SCB,France,2015,9,2,2:0,0,8,4:4,50,When Numbers Aren't Enough: New Pathways to Improving Conservation Practice Through Evaluative Thinking,SCB,France,2015,10,2,2:0,0,6,6:0,0,Can Managing Ecosystem Services Give a Win-Win for Biodiversity and Food Production? ,SCB,France,2015,11,2,1:1,50,5,3:2,40,Biodiversity and Human Development - Session II,SCB,France,2015,12,1,1:0,0,6,6:0,0,"Conservation 3.0: New Innovations, Solvers and Solutions",SCB,France,2015,13,1,1:0,0,5,4:1,20,The 100 Priority Questions For Biodiversity Conservation in Mediterranean-Type Regions of the World,SCB,France,2015,14,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,When Conservation Goes Viral: Social Science Insights for Catalyzing Conservation,SCB,France,2015,15,4,4:0,0,10,7:3,30,Conserving Small Natural Features with Large Ecological Roles,SCB,France,2015,16,1,1:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,The Role of Natural Versus Novel Forest Ecosystems in Securing the Flow of Ecosystem Services from Forest Landscapes,SCB,France,2015,17,1,0:1,100,6,4:2,33.33333333,"Citizen Science in Conservation Science: The New Paths, From Data Collection to Data Interpretation",SCB,France,2015,18,1,1:0,0,5,2:3,60,Paths to the Future: Building Conservation Leadership Capacity ,SCB,France,2015,19,1,1:0,0,6,2:4,66.66666667,Marine Connectivity Studies: A Path for Biodiversity Conservation? ,SCB,France,2015,20,3,1:2,66.66666667,5,2:3,60,A Decade of the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation: The Foundation of an Applied Evidence-Based Science of Conservation,SCB,France,2015,21,3,1:2,66.66666667,7,4:3,42.85714286,Complex Systems Modelling to Support Biodiversity Conservation ,SCB,France,2015,22,2,2:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,The Difference Conservation Makes: Evaluating the Impacts of Conservation Interventions - Session I ,SCB,France,2015,23,2,1:1,50,6,5:1,16.66666667,Promises and Perils of Market Based Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Conservation - Session I ,SCB,France,2015,24,2,1:1,50,6,5:1,16.66666667,Bush Meat and Human Health: Implications for Conservation Policies ,SCB,France,2015,25,1,1:0,0,5,5:0,0,"Challenges and Implications of Species Translocations to Restore and Increase ""Wildness"" in Human-Dominated Landscapes",SCB,France,2015,26,4,2:2,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,"Biodiversity Management and Development: Challenges, Opportunities and New Directions - Session I ",SCB,France,2015,27,1,1:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,"Exploring Outcomes of Interacting Religions, Spiritualities and Conservation Communities - Session I ",SCB,France,2015,28,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,Satellite Remote Sensing for Conservation: From Successful Case Studies to Global Implementation,SCB,France,2015,29,2,2:0,0,6,4:2,33.33333333,The Difference Conservation Makes: Evaluating the Impacts of Conservation Intervention - Session II,SCB,France,2015,30,2,1:1,50,4,2:2,50,Promises and Perils of Market Based Conservation: An Interdisciplinary Conservation - Session II,SCB,France,2015,31,1,1:0,0,7,5:2,28.57142857,Genetically Modified Crops and Conservation ,SCB,France,2015,32,1,1:0,0,5,5:0,0,Natura 2000 - The Status and Fate of EU's Network of Protected Sites ,SCB,France,2015,33,4,2:2,50,6,3:3,50,"Biodiversity Management and Development: Challenges, Opportunities and New Directions - Session II",SCB,France,2015,34,1,1:0,0,3,3:0,0,"Exploring Outcomes of Interacting Religions, Spiritualities and Conservation Communities - Session II ",SCB,France,2015,35,3,2:1,33.33333333,5,3:2,40,Preserving Wilderness in the Anthropocene,SCB,France,2015,36,2,1:1,50,5,1:4,80,New Frontiers in Conservation Criminology ,SCB,France,2015,37,1,1:0,0,5,0:5,100,Equity and Justice as Goals for Conservation: Analytical Tools and Their Applications ,SCB,France,2015,38,2,2:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Advances on Human Pressure Quantification and Biodiversity Monitoring Under Global Change ,SCB,France,2015,39,1,1:0,0,5,1:4,80,Conservation Marketing: A New Path to Understanding and Influencing Human Behaviour - Session I ,SCB,France,2015,40,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,Can We Save it All? Confronting Conservation Priorities in a Changing Climate ,SCB,France,2015,41,2,1:1,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,Invertebrates in Sustainable Forest Management: From Research to Implementation in Practice,SCB,France,2015,42,1,1:0,0,5,3:2,40,"Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Equity, Poverty and Wellbeing in Conservation ",SCB,France,2015,43,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,Sustainability in Agricultural Landscapes: Linking Biodiversity to Agriculture Practices and Policy ,SCB,France,2015,44,1,1:0,0,5,3:2,40,Conservation Marketing: A New Path to Understanding and Influencing Human Behaviour - Session II,SCB,France,2015,45,2,0:2,100,5,3:2,40,"From Abandoned to Wild Landscapes: Practices, Consequences and Perceptions of Rewilding in Europe",SCB,France,2015,46,2,2:0,0,8,7:1,12.5,"Marxan at 15 Years Old: The Past, Present, And Future of a Conservation Planning Tool ",SCB,France,2015,47,2,2:0,0,4,3:1,25,Recent Trend in Agent-Based Models Applied to Biodiversity Conservation: From Simulating Population Dynamics and Human-Environment Interactions to Enhancing Social Learning - Session I,SCB,France,2015,48,3,1:2,66.66666667,5,3:2,40,"Moving Forward Strategic Planning at Scale: Lessons from Europe, Australia and the United States",SCB,France,2015,49,3,2:1,33.33333333,5,3:2,40,Ecosystem-Based Adaptation: From Conceptual Basis to Implementation at Global Scale - Session I,SCB,France,2015,50,2,0:2,100,4,2:3,60,Power to the People? Valuing and integrating local perspectives in conservation ,SCB,France,2015,51,1,1:0,0,6,5:1,16.66666667,Challenges and opportunties for forest conservation in human-modified amazonian landscapes ,SCB,France,2015,52,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,"Getting Scientific Evidence Used in Practice: Progress, Barriers and Solutions - Session I ",SCB,France,2015,53,1,0:1,100,6,2:4,66.66666667,Creating Natural Connections in Unnatural habitats through citizen science,SCB,France,2015,54,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,Conservation trade-offs in a resource-limited world ,SCB,France,2015,55,2,2:0,0,4,3:1,25,Recent trends in agent-based models applied to biodiversity conservation: from simulating population dynamics and human-environment interactions to enhancing social learning - Session II,SCB,France,2015,56,1,1:0,0,5,3:2,40,"Green Infrastructure, connectivity, and the agricultural landscape",SCB,France,2015,57,3,2:1,33.33333333,4,1:3,75,Ecosystem-based adaptation: from conceptual basis to implementation at global scale - Session II,SCB,France,2015,58,3,2:1,33.33333333,6,4:2,33.33333333,Human behaviour and nature conservation ,SCB,France,2015,59,2,1:1,50,5,4:1,20,"Getting Scientific Evidence Used in Practice: Progress, Barriers and Solutions - Session II",SCB,France,2015,60,2,1:1,50,5,4:1,20,"Compensation, insurance, and other financial instruments to mitigate human-wildlife conflict: promise, pitfals and practice",SCB,France,2015,61,3,1:2,66.66666667,5,3:2,40,Integrated social-ecological framework to support marine spatial planning ,SCB,France,2015,62,1,0:1,100,6,4:2,33.33333333,Barriers to biodiversity in fluvial ecosystems ,SCB,France,2015,63,2,0:2,100,6,1:5,83.33333333,Science-Society dialogue - from citizen science to co-design ,SCB,France,2015,64,2,1:1,50,5,4:1,20,Connecting people with nature - session I,SCB,France,2015,65,4,2:2,50,6,2:4,66.66666667,Conservation at the cross-roads: how roads and other linear infrastructure influence conservation - session I,SCB,France,2015,66,2,1:1,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,Forging a path from space observations to action on the ground: satellite remote sensing for conservation applications ,SCB,France,2015,67,1,1:0,0,6,3:3,50,Biodiversity and infectious diseases: a role for conservation biology? - session I,SCB,France,2015,68,2,1:1,50,6,3:3,50,"New technologies, data collection methods and means of analysis for improving conservation decision making and outcomes - sessionI",SCB,France,2015,69,2,1:1,50,5,0:5,100,Connecting people with nature - session II,SCB,France,2015,70,4,2:2,50,6,4:2,33.33333333,Conservation at the cross-roads: how roads and other linear infrastructure influence conservation - session II,SCB,France,2015,71,2,2:0,0,6,6:0,0,Using the movement patterns of reintroduced animals to improve reintroduction success ,SCB,France,2015,72,1,1:0,0,5,2:3,60,Biodiversity and infectious diseases: a role for conservation biology? - session II,SCB,France,2015,73,2,1:1,0,5,1:4,80,"New technologies, data collection methods and means of analysis for improving conservation decision making and outcomes - session II",,,,,Total Orgs = 141,T Female = 51,Avg % Fem =36.1702,T Speak =407,T Female = 162,Avg % Fem =39.80344,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,