2025 Reports

Heat Extremes in Metropolitan Area of São Paulo: A Challenge

Rogério de Barros, Hugo

The topic of heat extremes and their association with heat waves and heat islands has recently gained a special political and social space in public agendas, policies, and environmental plans of the Metropolitan Area of São Paulo (MASP), which is currently one of the largest urban agglomerations in the world. Right now, there continues to be a challenge of working on adaptation to heat extremes within the perspective of Nature-Based Solutions (NbS) in the urban areas of MASP. The present case study aims to demonstrate, through meteorological data estimated by remote sensing and edited in a Geographic Information System (GIS), the territorial scope of the problems of heat extremes in MASP, thereby revealing the need to expand sophisticated climate policies and plans for the other 38 municipalities that make up this important urban cluster.