WEBVTT Kind: captions Language: en 00:00:00.560 --> 00:00:06.560 Thank you. So the idea of this project is to have   00:00:08.640 --> 00:00:16.320 methods by which you can mitigate the  spreading of this virus or the future ones.   00:00:17.840 --> 00:00:27.280 And one of the problems using the current method,  if you use bleach solution and is spread over the   00:00:27.280 --> 00:00:35.280 HAZMAT it just drips - it doesn't stay there long  enough. So we’re looking at ways to generate,   00:00:36.080 --> 00:00:40.880 you know I like beer and a lot of, we like beer,  I'm sure, so we thought: you know, how about if   00:00:40.880 --> 00:00:46.880 you use foam” which should stick to almost any  surface, depending upon the structure of the foam.   00:00:47.520 --> 00:00:55.360 So our idea is to generate nanostructured  foams so that you stick to the surface for   00:00:55.360 --> 00:01:00.640 whatever time you want. In the case of Ebola,  because this project started at the time of Ebola,   00:01:01.840 --> 00:01:08.480 for half an hour. So depending upon the time  you want you can control the formulations.  00:01:08.480 --> 00:01:13.440 And we tested this foam structure - on the screen,   00:01:13.440 --> 00:01:18.480 if you can see that - in front of  the Columbia grads, at 7:00 AM by   00:01:18.480 --> 00:01:24.240 graduate students - I'm not a morning person, I  wasn't there - but that's where it was tested. 00:01:25.680 --> 00:01:34.160 Ok, so the main idea is to then, to eliminate  the use of bleach which has other problems that   00:01:34.160 --> 00:01:44.560 are shown here. They irritate the skin, the bleach  fumes cause lungs to burn when inhaled too much,   00:01:45.360 --> 00:01:52.560 and if you use vinegar for various purposes  it creates deadly gas. Remove these…ok. 00:01:58.480 --> 00:02:07.680 Also exposure to quats on skin quality - I don't  worry about it at this age, but a lot of people   00:02:07.680 --> 00:02:13.520 should worry about it, skin quality - and the  widespread use also produces superbugs. That I do   00:02:13.520 --> 00:02:22.240 have to worry about because it avoids, it makes it  difficult to use antibiotics as you know, and the   00:02:22.240 --> 00:02:28.960 potent chemicals can contaminate the surface they  come in contact with. And more serious problem is   00:02:28.960 --> 00:02:39.440 that the toxic effluent is a major problem. So the  idea is how to avoid the use of the bleach foam. 00:02:40.160 --> 00:02:46.480 So this is the wet form, which still has  a lot of liquid - we want to also avoid   00:02:47.280 --> 00:02:54.240 the toxic effluent such as that is generated  during washing of any kind of surfaces,   00:02:55.680 --> 00:03:07.120 so that won't avoid, so if you have the wet foam  drain - this is the photo generated by my mentor,   00:03:07.120 --> 00:03:13.760 previous Dr. Karol J. Mysels - most of  his protégés went on to Nobel Prizes,   00:03:17.840 --> 00:03:26.640 anyway he's in the heavens now. And then you get  the dry foam. Dry foam has very little liquid   00:03:26.640 --> 00:03:33.840 between the lamellae, between the bubbles, and  so not much is generated - that's one of the main   00:03:33.840 --> 00:03:39.680 advantages. And you can have the formulation  in such a way that it will kill the virus. 00:03:42.000 --> 00:03:47.920 Another advantage is that we could incorporate  penetrate super spreaders like the silicone   00:03:47.920 --> 00:03:55.520 shown here. My first graduate student makes  some of these modified silicones - he's a   00:03:55.520 --> 00:04:03.200 genius - he also made, by the way, the first  flat plate display system we are looking at.   00:04:03.840 --> 00:04:08.480 And they can penetrate because they can  penetrate into cracks, and they can also   00:04:08.480 --> 00:04:16.080 penetrate under the rug, which is usually where  viruses can hide, and this is very very important. 00:04:17.920 --> 00:04:24.880 So that is what - and another purpose was some  of the surfactant soaps that you use are toxic.   00:04:24.880 --> 00:04:31.440 Like sodium sulfate we wash your hands very often  then you will see, if you look at your hands,   00:04:31.440 --> 00:04:37.600 the hands become dry. Our idea was to use  benign microbial biosurfactants which are,   00:04:37.600 --> 00:04:43.280 some of them were shown here, but  more important one was the surfactin   00:04:43.280 --> 00:04:48.480 that is generated actually by the microbe.  Surfactin is very effective, it also has   00:04:50.160 --> 00:04:55.600 other effects such as to stop the cancer and  things like that, so this was another project. 00:04:55.600 --> 00:05:04.240 So with all that, we generated  this formulation, the idea by which   00:05:05.680 --> 00:05:12.160 the foam life is controlled is shown  here: this lamellae between two bubbles,   00:05:12.960 --> 00:05:19.520 and these two surfaces come towards each other -  all the water will go and the bubbles escape. But   00:05:20.640 --> 00:05:26.000 if you have the right kind of surfactant layers  which repel each other, then some of the water   00:05:26.000 --> 00:05:31.760 will be retained, and that is how you control  the structure - by controlling this surfactant   00:05:31.760 --> 00:05:37.360 layers, you can control the amount of water that  is drained - that is how you can control it, the   00:05:37.360 --> 00:05:45.280 formulation. And so what are the advantages? First  of all, you can use minimum bleach - just that is   00:05:45.280 --> 00:05:52.240 necessary, or no bleach at all in some cases. The  other advantage: you can get nanostructured foam   00:05:52.240 --> 00:05:58.800 which will stick to surfaces. Then sufficient  deposition and uniform coverage, which you can   00:05:58.800 --> 00:06:06.880 test, you can get uniform coverage so there are  no spots left, and also as I said, you can reach   00:06:08.080 --> 00:06:15.440 not only roofs, which has - if I have a roof like  what I have here, to absorb sound, there will be   00:06:15.440 --> 00:06:22.880 also a virus that'll solve here, and you can--  ordinary sprayers and no splashback, splashback   00:06:22.880 --> 00:06:32.800 is always a problem. And you can use some of  these sprayers, or bigger ones if you want to use   00:06:32.800 --> 00:06:41.200 rooftop or even top of air- airplanes, you can use  such things. So there are various ways to use it. 00:06:42.400 --> 00:06:49.120 So, this is the last slide, I think, so results:  we have developed optimum robust formulations,   00:06:50.640 --> 00:06:55.040 and the formability, it was studied,  which I didn't cover at all using   00:06:55.760 --> 00:07:02.400 infrared technique and other techniques - I didn't  cover that here - and degree of home deposition   00:07:02.400 --> 00:07:09.760 on different target surfaces was looked at, foam  delivery options also was looked at using various,   00:07:09.760 --> 00:07:18.400 very very simple - like the one that used for car  wash. And finally our product that is licensed to   00:07:21.040 --> 00:07:31.680 a company called Universal Formulations is on the  market - that is there - but they don't have any   00:07:31.680 --> 00:07:37.280 funding, we don't have any funding to market it,  to have a T.V. advertisement and everything on   00:07:37.280 --> 00:07:46.240 everything. So it's, this trademark printing,  so we need funding for marketing or some kind   00:07:46.240 --> 00:07:51.280 of venture capitalist, so we are hopeful.  This– and you know, unfortunately,   00:07:51.280 --> 00:07:55.680 as you know, this virus is not going to  go away for a long time - or there will   00:07:55.680 --> 00:08:01.120 be other viruses - and this kind of strategy  is very very important for future pandemics   00:08:01.120 --> 00:08:07.360 also. So this was supported by one of the NSF  RAPIDs, and we're very very grateful for that.   00:08:07.360 --> 00:08:14.880 Without that we couldn't have done it. So  thank you, and I hope I used just my time.