Hoenisch Baerbel author Columbia University. Earth and Environmental Sciences Ridgwell Andy author Schmidt Daniela N. author Thomas Ellen author Gibbs Samantha J. author Sluijs Appy author Zeebe Richard author Martindale Rowan C. author Kump Lee author Greene Sarah E. author Kiessling Wolfgang author Ries Justin author Zachos James C. author Royer Dana L. author Barker Stephen author Marchitto Thomas M. author Moyer Ryan author Pelejero Carles author Ziveri Patrizia author Foster Gavin L. author Williams Branwen author Columbia University. Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory originator text Datasets 2012 English Ocean acidification may have severe consequences for marine ecosystems; however, assessing its future impact is difficult because laboratory experiments and field observations are limited by their reduced ecologic complexity and sample period, respectively. In contrast, the geological record contains long-term evidence for a variety of global environmental perturbations, including ocean acidification plus their associated biotic responses. We review events exhibiting evidence for elevated atmospheric CO2, global warming, and ocean acidification over the past ~300 million years of Earth's history, some with contemporaneous extinction or evolutionary turnover among marine calcifiers. Although similarities exist, no past event perfectly parallels future projections in terms of disrupting the balance of ocean carbonate chemistry—a consequence of the unprecedented rapidity of CO2 release currently taking place. Environmental science Paleoclimate science Physical oceanography http://hdl.handle.net/10022/AC:P:12887 NNC NNC 2012-03-27 14:59:30 -0400 2012-03-27 15:10:56 -0400 6890 eng